What is Number Factorization?
Factoring a number means decomposing that number into its prime factors. For example, the number 12 can be factored as 2² × 3. Every integer greater than 1 can be written as a unique product of prime numbers (Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic).
Examples:
- 12 = 2² × 3
- 18 = 2 × 3²
- 100 = 2² × 5²